in the 19th century america, romantici had certain general characteristics. choose such characteristics from the following items.
washington irving’s first book appeared in 1809, entitled ______.
washington irving’s works are numerous, but his most successful work is the sketch book, of which the most famous and anthologized are ______ and “the legend of sleepy hollow”.
irving’s taste was essentially conservative. this social conservati and literary preference for the past is revealed, to some extent, in his famous story “_____”.
the romantic period, one of the most important periods in the history of american literature, stretches from the end of the _____ century to the outbreak of the _____.
romantici started with the publication of washington irving’s ______ and ended with whitman’s leaves of grass.
james fenimore cooper’s novel ___ is the first to reveal the west and native americans’ life in a passionate way.
the spy was written by james fenimore cooper in 1821. it is a novel about ________.
________ contributed two of the great stock figures of american mythology: the daring frontieran and the bold indian.
the desire for an escape from society and a return to nature became a permanent convention of american literature, evident in _______.
in the early nineteenth century, the attitude of american writers was shaped by their new world environment and an array of ideas inherited from the romantic tradition of europe.
the early american romanticists gave emphasis to emotion and nature; some of them sang of liberty and national independence and wrote in defense of negro slaves and indians.
washington irving was the second great belletrist, writing always for pleasure, and to produce pleasure.
romantic values were prominent in american politics, art and philosophy until the independent war.
the foundation of american national literature was laid by the early american romanticists.
cooper launched two kinds of immensely popular stories: the sea adventure tale, and the gothic stories.
with a vast group of supporting characters, virtuous or villainous, cooper made the american conscious of his past, and made the european conscious of america.
cooper’s claim to greatness in american literature lies in the fact that he created a myth about the formative period of the american nation.
leatherstocking tales is a novel best-known for the frontier period.
james fenimore cooper is a famous novelist of american reali.
in hawthorne’s the scarlet letter, “a” may stand for ___.
___ literary world turns out to be a most disturbed, tormented and problematical one, which has much to do with the “black” vision of life and human beings.
which of the works concerns most concentratedly the calvinistic view of original sin?
which of the following is not a work of nathaniel hawthorne’s?
in hawthorne’s novels and short stories, intellectuals usually appear as ___.
the finest example of hawthorne’s symboli is the recreation of puritan boston in ___.
statement “___” is wrong in describing hawthorne.
by brown in young goodman brown, hawthorne means he is a(n) ___.
which of the following is not a typical feature of hawthorne’s young goodman brown?
poe was a great genius, and he was well recognized in his own day.
poe felt that poetry should teach.
poe preferred to write about normal love.
poe turned out the earliest american detective fiction and science fiction.
poe is generally regarded as a pioneering aesthetician, psychological investigator, literary technician and his influence on american literary circles can never be overrated.
nathaniel hawthorne welcomed the transcendentalists’ transparent optimi about the potentialities of human nature.
hawthorne believed that romance was the predestined form of american narrative. he took a great interest in his contemporary society.
hawthorne had a positive attitude toward science.
allegory is used to hold fast against the crushing blows of reality, and symboli serves as a weapon to attack and penetrate it.
in almost every book he wrote, hawthorne discussed sin and evil.
which essay of emerson is regarded as an unofficial manifesto for the “transcendental club”?
emerson based his religion on an intuitive belief in an ultimate unity, which he called _____.
the following are correct for transcendentali except _____.
“the universe is composed of nature and the soul… spirit is present everywhere”. this is the voice of the book nature written by emerson, which pushed american romantici into a new phase, the phase of new england _____.
which is generally regarded as the bible of new england transcendentali?
which is regarded as the “declaration of intellectual independence”?
which of the following is not thoreau’s works?
thoreau took an unpopular stand by announcing his support for radical abolitionist leader john brown, and his firm stance on the execution of john brown was most explicit in his ____.
thoreau lived alone in walden pond from july 1845 to september 1847, depending on his own mental and physical resources. according to that experience, he wrote ____.
during a journey thoreau made to concord in july of 1846, thoreau was put in the jail for one night for refusing to pay a poll-tax of $2.00 to the government. this experience inspired him to write his famous essay ____, advocating nonviolent struggle against social injustice.
american romantici entered a new phase around the middle 1830s and culminated around the 1840s in what has come to be known as “new england transcendentali” or “american renaissance” (1836-1855).
like romantici, transcendentali rejected both 18th century rationali and established religion, which for the transcendentalists meant the puritan tradition in particular.
the transcendentalists celebrated the power of the human imagination to commune with the universe and transcend the limitations of the material world. they found their chief source of inspiration in nature.
with the publication of nature and of emerson’s “the american scholar” in 1837, american literature began to enter its formative period of an indigenous national literature, with liberal and nationalistic, among others, as its most distinct features.
emerson’s reputation fell in the 21st century mainly because he possesses a cheerful optimi.
the term “transcendental” was derived from the latin verb “transcendere”, which means to raise up, to pass beyond the limits.
transcendentali is also indebted to ancient indian and chinese works, such as confucius and mencius.
transcendentali is always been accused of being over-pessimistic, near to mystici, without support in reality.
emerson’s aesthetics brought about a revolution in american literature in general and in american poetry in particular. it marked birth of true american poetry and true american poets.
emerson possesses a cheerful optimi. he believes that there is force that can make the bad good and the good better. angels must always be stronger than demons.
which of the following had influence on melville’s writing?
____ is not melville’s work.
____ is the narrator in moby-dick.
____ is regarded as the first american prose epic.
____, the tragic hero of moby-dick, burning with a baleful fire, becomes evil himself in his thirst to destroy evil.
melville’s ____ is an encyclopedia of everything, history, philosophy, religion, etc. in addition to a detailed account of the operations of the whaling industry.
the white whale moby dick is a symbol of ____.
in following poets, who is considered as the most popular poet in the 19th century america?
longfellow’s epic _____ is based on the american indian tales.
in _____, longfellow shows a passionate recalling of his youth.
though walt whitman and herman melville were romantic writers in theme and technique, they differ from each other in a variety of ways.
romantic values were prominent in american politics, art, and philosophy until the first world war.
moby-dick is melville’s semi-autobiographical novel.
melville obviously holds a positive and optimistic view toward life and human nature.
the romantic writers would focus on inidual feelings and strong imagination.
longfellow gets a great praise from the critics of the 20th century.
longfellow’s poems have influenced america’s artistic and popular culture greatly and strongly.
longfellow was once teaching in bowdoin college and harvard.
longfellow’s inner feelings is always as optimistic as his poems.
today many lines of longfellow’s poems are often quoted by speakers who know longfellow penned the words.
in _____, whitman’s own early experience might be identified with the childhood of a young growing america.
walt whitman wrote his poetry in an unconventional way which is now called free verse, that is _____.
whitman published his first edition of ______ in 1855.
“i hear america singing” was written by ____.
whitman is radically innovative in term of form of his poetry. what he prefers for his new subjects and new feelings is _____.
by means of “free verse,” _____ believes that he has turned the poem into an open field, an area of vital possibility where the reader can allow his own imagination to play.
which one is not written by walt whitman?
emily dickinson was considered as one of two giants of american poetry in _____ century.
what does “setting sun” symbolize in the poem of “because i could not stop for death”?
which of the following is not the recurring theme in dickinson’s poetry?
walt whitman used paralleli and refrain in his poems.
in “o captain! my captain!”, walt whitman used symbols.
whitman brought the hard-working farmers and laborers into american literature. he attacked the slavery system and racial discrimination.
whitman’s poetry is filled with pessimistic views about new things and new epoch.
whitman’s writings were also influenced by his experiences in the american civil war.
most of emily dickinson’s poems were published when she was alive.
emily dickinson’s poetry is well-known for her thought-provoking themes and innovative use of form and syntax.
emily dickinson’s nature poems are rich in subject matter.
emily dickinson made no final acceptance or rejection on the question of religious belief throughout her life.
emily dickinson began her period of reclusion in the early 1860s.
with james howells and mark twain active on the scene, ______ became the major trend in the seventies and eighties of the 19th century.
the portrait of a lady is generally considered to be the masterpiece of _____, which describes the life journey of an american _____ in europe.
_____ is the forerunner of the “stream of consciousness”.
which of the following is written by henry james?
_____ in the 1860s was the first american writer of local color to achieve wide popularity.
mark twain created, in _____, a masterpiece of american reali that is also one of the great books of world literature.
_____ is regarded by h. l. menken as “the true father of american national literature.”
_____, being a boy’s book specially written for the s, is mark twain’s most representative book.
_____ earned his very first national literary reputation with “the celebrated jumping frog of calaveras county”.
with the end of civil war, ____ replaced romantici to be the leading trend of american literature in the 19th century.
according to henry james, the aim of the novel is to reflect the reality.
henry james was not only a realist before the first world war, but also a stylist of his time.
henry james’ influence was exerted not on his own age but on the one that followed.
shortly before his death in 1945，henry james joined the communist party.
henry james was strongly influenced by social darwini.
the american realists sought to describe the wide range of american experience and to present the subtleties of human personality.
mark twain had, as his aim of writing, the soul, the life, and the speech of the people in mind.
mark twain’s later works unmistakably showed his change from an optimist and humorist to an almost despairing determinist.
the bulk of america’s literary reali was limited to optimistic treatment of the surface of life.
mark twain’s last writings revealed the deep grief his personal losses had caused him and reflected the deep cynici and disillusionment with his world.
in 19th century america, romantici had certain general characteristics. choose such characteristics from the following items.
within dickinson’s little lyrics, she addresses those issues that concern the whole human beings, which exclude ________.
washington irving’s works are numerous, but his most successful work is the sketch book, of which the most famous and anthologized are ______ and “the legend of sleepy hollow”.
as a philosophical and literary movement, ______ flourished in new england from the 1830s to the civil war.
the desire for an escape from society and a return to nature became a permanent convention of american literature, evident in _______.
statement “___” is wrong in describing hawthorne.
which essay of emerson is regarded as an unofficial manifesto for the “transcendental club”?
melville’s ____ is an encyclopedia of everything, history, philosophy, religion, etc. in addition to a detailed account of the operations of the whaling industry.
by means of “free verse,” _______ believes that he has turned the poem into an open field, an area of vital possibility where the reader can allow his own imagination to play.
what does “setting sun” symbolize in the poem of “because i could not stop for death”?
the realistic period is referred to as “the gilded age” by ______.
with howells, james, and mark twain active on the scene, ______ became the major trend in the seventies and eighties of the 19th century.
_______, being a boy’s book specially written for the s, is mark twain’s most representative book.
________ is a humorous tale of a lazy villager in the mountains of upstate new york.
which of the following is not a work of emily dickinson’s?
the great transcendental work written by henry david thoreau is______.
james fenimore cooper is a famous novelist of american reali.
poe preferred to write about normal love.
in almost every book he wrote, hawthorne discussed sin and evil.
like romantici, transcendentali rejected both 18th century rationali and established religion, which for the transcendentalists meant the puritan tradition in particular.
moby-dick is melville’s semi-autobiographical novel.
the romantic writers would focus on inidual feelings and strong imagination.
whitman’ s poetry is filled with pessimistic views about new things and new epoch.
henry james’ influence was exerted not on his own age but on the one that followed.
o. henry’s “the gift of the magi” is a very moving story of a young couple who sell their best possessions in order to get money for a christmas present for each other.
mark twain is usually called: " the true father of our national literature" by some american critics.
the ______ period of american literature started with the publication of washington irving’s the sketch book, reached its height with melville’s works, and ended with whitman’s leaves of grass.
_____tells a simple but very moving story in which four people living in a puritan community are involved in and affected by the sin of ery in different ways.
after death, _____ became the only american poet who was honored with a bust in the poet’s corner.
in his cluster of poems called ______ walt whitman gave america its first genuine epic poem.
the american transcendentalists highlighted spirits, or the _____, as the most important thing in the universe, which was an all-pervading power for goodness, omnipresent and omnipotent.
as one of america’s first and foremost realists and humorists, _______, the pen name of samuel langhorne clemens, usually wrote about his own personal experiences and things he knew about from firsthand experiences.
thoreau was often alone in the woods or by the pond, lost in spiritual communication with ______.
______ was the first american to achieve an international literary reputation after the revolutionary war.
the period from 1865—1914 has been referred to as the age of _______in the literary history of the united states.
in walt whitman’s “there was a child went forth”, the child refers to ___________.
以下条件一般可使盐类的水解度增大的是
硝酸铁晶体的颜色是
当溶液中含有两种或两种以上离子时，在滴加一种共同沉淀剂时，发生沉淀有先后的现象叫做分级沉淀或分步沉淀。沉淀的先后次序取决于
bicl3的水解产物是
在同一试管中，滴加10滴0.1 mol/l k2cro4、5滴0.1 mol/l nacl、1滴0.1 mol/l na2s并混合均匀，再逐滴加入 0.1 mol/l agno3。现象是
根据本实验反应装置的要求，称取铝箔的重量应为
本实验所使用的量气管，其最小刻度是
根据“0”在有效数字中的双重性，在万分之一天平上称取的0.0618g为三位有效数字，若硬记为0.061800g，意味着为五位有效数字，夸大了仪器的精密度。为了不使有效数字出错，实验数据应记为
本实验反应盐酸的用量一定要准确量取。
铝箔与盐酸作用完毕后，要等到反应管冷却到室温后方可读数。
下列电对的电极电势受溶液酸度影响的是
在硫酸亚铁铵的制备实验中，以下哪种物质在水中的溶解度为最小。
在完成减压过滤操作后，正确的操作顺序为
减压过滤装置和普通的过滤装置相比，除可加快过滤速度外，还具有的优点是
与feso4溶液相比，(nh4)2fe(so4)2溶液更稳定，不易被空气中的氧氧化。
微型化学实验是以尽量少的化学试剂，在微型化的仪器装置中进行实验来获取化学信息的实验方法。若将反应物等倍数的进行放大后投放，即可将微型实验转化为常规实验。
一维弦的自由振动方程是。
一维弦的受迫振动方程是。
有源或汇的三维扩散方程是。
没有源或汇的一维热传导方程是。
静电场方程是泊松方程。
弦的端固定，则此端的边界条件是。
杆的一个端点的温度按已知的规律变化，则该端点的边界条件是。
热传导问题。杆的端绝热，则此端的边界条件为。
杆的纵振动问题。杆的某端点自由，则此端的边界条件为。
若杆的某个端点有热流沿该端外法线方向流出，则此端的边界条件为。
自由振动方程的通解为。
表示以速度沿正方向移动的行波。
表示以速度沿负方向移动的行波。
一端固定的半无限长弦，其自由振动时，端点的影响表现为反射波。反射波的相位与入射波相反，这就是所谓半波损失。
分离变量法适用的条件是定解问题的方程是线性齐次的，边界条件是线性齐次的。
本征值问题的本征值为，本征函数为。
本征值问题的本征值为，本征函数为。
本征值问题的本征值为，本征函数为。
用分离变量法得到的定解问题的解一般是无穷级数。
称作自然的周期条件。
本征值问题的本征值为，本征函数为。
常微分方程的通解是。
常微分方程是欧拉型常微分方程。
在一定条件下，对于施-刘本征值问题，所有本征值。
在一定条件下，对于施-刘本征值问题，相应于不同本征值和的本征函数和在区间上带权重正交，即 。
在一定条件下，对于施-刘本征值问题，其本征函数族是完备的。
满足一定条件的函数 ，以本征函数族为基，可以展开为绝对且一致收敛的级数，此级数称作广义傅里叶级数。系数称作的广义傅里叶系数。
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题目
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1、色彩构成是运用_与_相结合的法则，发挥人的抽象思维，利用色彩在空间、量与质的可变换性，对色彩进行以基本元素为单位的多层面、多角度的组合配置，并创造出理想、新颖与审美的设计色彩。
2、牛顿把阳光从一小缝隙引进暗室，运用三棱镜作用后，在银幕上出现了一条美丽的彩虹，那是由红、橙、黄、绿、青、蓝、紫的彩色光构成的。由此，牛顿把这种彩色光的有序排列现象称为（ ）。
3、色彩的基本构成要素，也是色彩的三属性，即_、_、_。
1、把不同明度的黑、白、灰按照上白、下黑中间为不同明度的灰，等差秩序排列起来，可以构成_。
2、_的表示法是以色彩的三要素为基础。色相称为hue，简写为h；明度为value，简写为v，纯度为chroma，简写为c。
3、_的色相环，是以生理4原色黄、蓝、红、绿为基础，将4色分别放在圆周的四个等分位置上形成两对补色。然后，在两色中间依次增加橙、蓝绿、紫、黄绿4个色相，共计8个色相；然后，每一色相再分为3个色相，构成24个色相的色相环。
1、色彩对比_是指两种或两种以上的色彩放在一起时，相互影响后产生出不同的差别。
2、_是指由色彩明暗程度差别而形成的对比。
3、_是将色相环上的任意两色或三色并置在一起，因色相的差别而形成的对比。
4、_是将同一空间位置的色彩进行鲜灰度的搭配，以便更准确的表现色彩 主题。
5、_是指冷暖差异，而构成的冷暖感的对比关系。
6、_是指两个或更多色块的相对色域，这是多与少，大与小的对比。
1、_是指两个或两个以上的颜色、调和成的协调有秩序的色彩搭配关系。
2、_是指当两个或两个以上的色彩，因差别大而非常，视觉不调和时候，可将其中的每个色彩都混入同一个色彩，使强烈的不和谐元素的色彩关系，形成颜色的个性减弱，强化调和的色彩表达关系，混入的同一元素量越多，调和感就越强。
3、_是双方色彩接近、相似，在色彩搭配中，选择性质或程度接近的色彩组合以增强色彩调和的方法。
4、_又称渐变调和,是指一组色彩按明度、纯度、色相等分成渐变色阶，组合成依顺序变化的调和方式，也称“浓淡法”。
1、色彩的混合分为_、_、_、_、_五种混合方法。
2、将不同的颜色并置在一起，当它们在视网膜上的投影小到一定程度时，这些不同的颜色就会同时作用于视网膜上，邻近部位的感觉细胞，以致眼睛很难将它们独立分辩出来，此时会在视觉中产生色彩的混合，这种混合方式称为_。
1、_是指运用特定的物质材料与相应的处理塑造手法所生成画面的组织纹理。
2、_是在面对客观事物的感性基点上，强化了主观表现和理性的设计意念，它不已描绘对象的客观存在状态为目的，而是以设计专业的造型需要和思维发展为取向，其训练目的在于为艺术设计服务。
3、主观性归纳写生又分为：_、_、_。
1、_是在对自然色和人工色彩进行观察、学习的前提下，进行分解、组合、再创造的构成手法。
2、_是将原来物象的、新鲜的色彩元素注入到新的组织结构中，使之产生新的色彩形象。
1. 立体构成起源于20世纪初俄罗斯的构成主义艺术流派，其构成主义思想在哪里得到了发扬广大（ ）
2.现代的立体构成是由荷兰构成主义派“风格派”的代表人物（ ）提出的。
3.立体主义风格的特征是（ ）提出的。
4.立体构成的目的在于树立空间意识，培养造型感觉，启发设计思维，培养对立体形态的创造能力和表现能力。
1.立体构成中的点，是构成形态的 （ ），它相对小而集中，视觉效果活泼多变。
2.下列不属于立体构成形式要素的是（ ）。
3.立体构成中，形态是指立体物的_，形状是指物体的_，也就是说，物体的某种形状只是形态的无数面向之中的一个面向之外廓，形态是由无数形状构成的一个综合体。
1.（ ）是创造视觉美感的法则，也是指导一切艺术活动的根本法则。
2.立体构成中的对比不包括以下哪种形式？ ( )
3.立体构成形式法则中的（ ）能给人以庄重、严肃、条理、大方、静穆、完美的感觉。
2.材质的对比与调和指立体物自身内在的质地与外表的肌理感。
2.有突出重点、打破常规、画龙点睛作用的形式美法则是( )
1.节奏是韵律的前提，韵律是节奏的深化。重复韵律是指立体构成中色、形、材质等造型要素做有规律的间隔重复表现，具有强调的个性。
3._是人们对形态外观认识的心理要求，即感情需要，是长期观察生活的综合结果。
1.常用的立体构成造型技法有_、_、_、_、_、_、_。
2. _是对于面材既不用划痕也不用切线时所运用的一种特殊的造型技法。使用这种技法，可以创作出充满张力和流动感的立体形态。
1.（ ）除了保护作用外，也是纸浮雕构成的一个重要内容。
2.金字塔造型可以看成是（ ）的变异构成。
3.仿生结构是运用面材加工，表现自然界多种物像的一种构成。自然界中景物丰富多彩，形态门类繁多。仿生结构的立体造型，归纳起来可分为（ ）大类。
4.在预定的平整卡纸上，根据构图的需要作自由切割，再通过折屈、压屈、弯屈等不同处理，构成半立体造型。这种造型方法叫做折曲构成加工。
1.下面哪个不是立体构成的研究对象( )
2.在进行石膏造型时，和石膏时石膏与水的比例是？( )
3.面材是以长度和宽度为基本特征的型材，最常用最有代表性的是？( )
4.立体构成中，下列不属于纸的加工的方法是？( )
1.（ ）是物体表面的纹理，就是材料表面的形态、构造给人的感觉，如手感、质地、凹凸程度等。
2.按照材料的形态差别，立体构成分为三大构成形式，下列不属于这三大构成形式的是（ ）。
3.一般来说，粗糙的表面，处理成表面光滑或镜面效果之后，仍不能使质感柔化。
1.平面几何体不能体现的心里感觉是（ ）
2.（ ）具有双重性，从正面看有块材感觉，侧面看是线材特征。
3.柱式结构的变化部位不包括（ ）。
1.立体构成中的线具有极强的表现力，它能决定形的（ ），其不同组合方式，可构成千变万化的空间形态。
2.线相对于面和体块更具（ ）与延伸感，更显轻巧。
1.正八面体的造型像个菱形，由八个（ ）组合而成。
2.足球的造型是属于（ ）。
1.块材分割中的不等分割不包括（ ）。
2.下列属于块材的加工方法的是（ ）。
3.（ ）是我们最常见的实体，也是人们在现实生活中用到的最大量的形体。 点材 线材 面材
1.不属于立体构成的现实应用的是（ ）。
2.立体构成中的色彩主要包括（ ）。
li refers to all of the following except ________.
for confucius ren means all of the following except________.
according to confucius, the greatest love for people is love for social harmony and political order.
for laozi, which of the following can not help realizing social harmoney?
for laozi, which of the following can not help realizing social harmoney?
laozi is the founder of daoi as an indigenous religion of china.
which gift should be presented in five rites except in nazheng?
which of the following customs is not practiced on the wedding day?
which of the following is not the reason for bride to cry for marriage?
six rites are nacai, wenming, naji, nazheng, qingqi and returning to the bride's parents' home.
liver is associated with __________.
every season has a corresponding taste, according to the five elements theory. for example, spring is associated with __________.
in modern china, _______ is the only subject among those four that has not been surpassed by western science.
acupuncture and acupressure must be used separately.
____ is based on solar calendar.
when the spring festival comes, “_____” is the main color for the festival, as it is believed to be an auspicious color.
the hungry ghost festival is not only celebrated by chinese people, but also by people from_____.
until the 1911 revolution, the gregorian calendar(solar calendar) was adopted by the nascent republic of china, but the general populace continued to use the lunar calendar at the same time.
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